Eminyakeni yamuva nje, amandla elanga abe enye indlela eyinhloko kumafutha ensalela yendabuko, ahlinzeka ngesixazululo esimeme nesinobungani kwemvelo ezidingweni zethu zamandla ezikhulayo. Lapho sibhekene nezinselelo ezinzima zomhlaba wonke zokuguquguquka kwesimo sezulu kanye nokuncipha kwemithombo yemvelo, ukuqonda ukuthi amandla elanga asebenza kanjani kubalulekile kubathengi nakubakhi bezinqubomgomo. Lesi sihloko sizocubungula indlela yokusebenza kwamandla elanga, sichaza inqubo yokuguqulwa kusuka ekukhanyeni kwelanga kuya kugesi.
Umgomo oyinhloko wokukhiqiza amandla elanga ukukhiqiza ugesi kusetshenziswa ukukhanya kwelanga. Le nqubo iqala ngokuthiamaphaneli elanga, ngokuvamile akhiwa amaseli e-photovoltaic (amaseli e-PV). Lawa maseli enziwe ngezinto ze-semiconductor (ngokuvamile i-silicon) futhi anekhono eliyingqayizivele lokuguqula ukukhanya kwelanga kube amandla kagesi. Lapho ukukhanya kwelanga kukhanya ebusweni bephaneli yelanga, kujabulisa ama-electron kumpahla ye-semiconductor, ngaleyo ndlela kukhiqize amandla kagesi. Lesi simo saziwa ngokuthi umphumela we-photovoltaic.
Ngemuva kokuthi ama-solar panel athwebula ukukhanya kwelanga futhi akhiqizei-direct current (DC), isinyathelo esilandelayo ukuguqula le DC ibei-alternating current (AC), uhlobo olujwayelekile lukagesi olusetshenziswa ezindlini nasemabhizinisini. Lokhu kuguqulwa kufezwa ngedivayisi ebizwa ngokuthi i-inverter. Ama-inverters adlala indima ebalulekile ezinhlelweni zamandla elanga, aqinisekisa ukuthi ugesi okhiqiziwe ungasetshenziswa ukuphehla izinto zikagesi, ukukhanyisa, nezinye izinto zikagesi.
Uma usuguqulelwe ekubeni wamanje oshintshanayo, ugesi ungasetshenziswa ngokushesha noma ugcinwe ukuze usetshenziswe kamuva. Abaningi izinhlelo zamandla elangaafakwe amathuluzi okugcina amabhethri, okwenza amakhaya namabhizinisi akwazi ukugcina ugesi oweqile okhiqizwa ngezinsuku libalele ukuze usetshenziswe ezinsukwini eziguqubele noma ebusuku. Lesi sici sithuthukisa ukuthembeka kokukhiqizwa kwamandla elanga, sikwenze kube ukukhetha okuhle kokuhlangabezana nezidingo zamandla ngokuqhubekayo.
Ngaphandle kwezicelo zokuhlala, amandla elanga nawo asetshenziswa ezitshalweni ezinkulu zamandla elanga. Lezi zikhungo ziqukethe amaphaneli elanga amaningi ahlelwe kugridi, akwazi ukukhiqiza amanani amakhulu kagesi afakwa kugridi. Lokhu kukhiqizwa kwamandla elanga amakhulu kunomthelela ekuphakeleni kukagesi kukonke, kunciphisa ukuncika emafutheni ezinto ezimbiwa phansi, futhi kwehlisa ukukhishwa kwesisi esibamba ukushisa.
Enye yezinzuzo ezibaluleke kakhulu zamandla elanga ukusimama kwawo. Ilanga liwumthombo omningi futhi ovuselelekayo, unikeza ukutholakala kwamandla okungapheli. Ngokungafani nezinto zokubasa ezimbiwa phansi, ezinezinqolobane ezilinganiselwe futhi ezibangela ukucekelwa phansi kwemvelo, amandla elanga angumthombo wamandla ohlukile ohlanzekile osiza ukunciphisa ukushintsha kwesimo sezulu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, intuthuko kubuchwepheshe bamandla elanga ithuthukise ukusebenza kahle futhi yanciphisa izindleko, okwenza amandla elanga afinyeleleke kubantu abaningi abahlukahlukene.
Naphezu kwezinzuzo eziningi zamandla elanga, liphinde libhekane nezinselele eziningana. Ukutshalwa kwezimali kokuqala kwamaphaneli elanga kanye nokufakwa kungase kube kukhulu, nakuba ohulumeni abaningi benikeza izinxephezelo noxhaso ukuze kuhlangatshezwane nalezi zindleko. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukukhiqizwa kwamandla elanga kuthintwa izimo zezulu, okuholela ekushintshashintsheni komkhiqizo. Kodwa-ke, ucwaningo oluqhubekayo nokuthuthukiswa kokugcinwa kwamandla kanye nokuphathwa kwegridi kubhekana nalezi zinselele, kuvula indlela yokwakhiwa kwengqalasizinda eqinile kagesi welanga.
Ngamafuphi, amandla elanga amele ushintsho endleleni esikhiqiza futhi sisebenzise ngayo ugesi.Ngokuqonda inqubo yokuguqula ukukhanya kwelanga kube ugesi, singakwazi ukubona amandla amakhulu wamandla elanga njengomthombo wamandla osimeme. Ngokuthuthuka okuqhubekayo kwezobuchwepheshe kanye nokwanda kokuqwashisa ngemvelo, amandla elanga kulindeleke ukuthi adlale indima ebalulekile ekushintsheni kwethu ekubeni nekusasa elihlanzekile neliluhlaza.
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Nov-14-2025
