Imikhiqizo
Amamojula
Amamojula enziwe ngokwezifiso ayatholakala ukuze ahlangabezane nezidingo ezikhethekile zamakhasimende, futhi ahambisana nezindinganiso zezimboni ezifanele kanye nemibandela yokuhlola. Ngesikhathi senqubo yokuthengisa, abathengisi bethu bazokwazisa amakhasimende ngolwazi oluyisisekelo lwamamojula a-odiwe, okuhlanganisa indlela yokufaka, imibandela yokusebenzisa, kanye nomehluko phakathi kwamamojula avamile nalawo enziwe ngokwezifiso. Ngokufanayo, ama-ejenti azokwazisa amakhasimende awo angezansi ngemininingwane mayelana namamojula enziwe ngokwezifiso.
Sinikeza ozimele abamnyama noma abasiliva bamamojula ukuze kuhlangatshezwane nezicelo zamakhasimende kanye nokusetshenziswa kwamamojula. Sincoma amamojula amahle ozimele abamnyama ophahleni kanye nezindonga zamakhethini okwakha. Ozimele abamnyama noma abasiliva abathinti ukukhiqizwa kwamandla kwemojula.
Ukubhoboza kanye nokushisela akukhuthazwa ngoba kungalimaza isakhiwo sonke semojuli, okuzoholela ekuwohlokeni kwamandla okulayisha okwenziwa ngomshini ngesikhathi sezinsizakalo ezilandelayo, okungaholela ekuqhekekeni okungabonakali kumamojuli futhi ngaleyo ndlela kuthinte ukukhiqizwa kwamandla.
Inzuzo yamandla yemodyuli incike ezintweni ezintathu: imisebe yelanga (amahora aphezulu kakhulu), isilinganiso samandla e-nameplate yemodyuli (ama-watt) kanye nokusebenza kahle kwesistimu (i-Pr) (ngokuvamile kuthathwa cishe ku-80%), lapho inzuzo yamandla iyonke ingumkhiqizo walezi zinto ezintathu; inzuzo yamandla = H x W x Pr. Umthamo ofakiwe uhlanganiswa ngokuphindaphinda isilinganiso samandla e-nameplate yemodyuli eyodwa ngenani eliphelele lamamojula ohlelweni. Isibonelo, kumamojula ayi-10 285 W afakiwe, umthamo ofakiwe ungu-285 x 10 = 2,850 W.
Ukuthuthukiswa kwesivuno samandla okufezwa ngamamojula e-PV amabili uma kuqhathaniswa namamojula avamile kuncike ekukhanyeni komhlaba, noma i-albedo; ukuphakama kanye ne-azimuth ye-tracker noma enye i-racking efakiwe; kanye nesilinganiso sokukhanya okuqondile nokukhanya okuhlakazekile esifundeni (izinsuku eziluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka noma ezimpunga). Njengoba kunikezwe lezi zici, inani lokuthuthukiswa kufanele lihlolwe ngokusekelwe ezimweni zangempela zesitshalo samandla se-PV. Ukuthuthukiswa kwesivuno samandla amabili kusukela ku-5--20%.
Amamojula e-Toenergy ahlolwe ngokucophelela futhi ayakwazi ukumelana nesivinini somoya wesiphepho kuze kufike ku-Grade 12. Amamojula nawo anezinga elingangeni manzi le-IP68, futhi angamelana ngempumelelo nesichotho esinobukhulu obungu-25 mm okungenani.
Amamojula e-monofacial anewaranti yeminyaka engama-25 yokukhiqizwa kukagesi okuphumelelayo, kanti ukusebenza kwemojula ye-bifacial kuqinisekisiwe iminyaka engama-30.
Amamojula amabili abiza kancane kunamamojula amabili, kodwa angakhiqiza amandla amaningi ngaphansi kwezimo ezifanele. Uma uhlangothi lwangemuva lwemojula lungavaliwe, ukukhanya okwamukelwa uhlangothi lwangemuva lwemojula emibili kungathuthukisa kakhulu ukukhiqizwa kwamandla. Ngaphezu kwalokho, isakhiwo se-glass-glass encapsulation semojula emibili simelana kangcono nokuguguleka kwemvelo ngumhwamuko wamanzi, inkungu yomoya kasawoti, njll. Amamojula amabili afaneleka kakhulu ukufakwa ezindaweni ezinezintaba kanye nezicelo zophahla ezisatshalaliswayo.
Ukubonisana Ngobuchwepheshe
Izakhiwo Zikagesi
Amapharamitha okusebenza kagesi amamojula e-photovoltaic afaka i-voltage yesekethe evulekile (i-Voc), i-transfer current (i-Isc), i-operating voltage (i-Um), i-operating current (i-Im) kanye namandla aphezulu okukhipha (i-Pm).
1) Uma u-U=0 lapho izigaba ezinhle nezimbi zengxenye zifinyezwa nge-short-circuit, ugesi okwamanje ungugesi ofinyezwa nge-short-circuit. Uma iziteshi ezinhle nezimbi zengxenye zingaxhunywanga kumthwalo, i-voltage phakathi kweziteshi ezinhle nezimbi zengxenye iyi-voltage yesekethe evulekile.
2) Amandla okukhipha aphezulu ancike ekukhanyeni kwelanga, ukusatshalaliswa kwe-spectral, izinga lokushisa elisebenza kancane kancane kanye nosayizi womthwalo, ngokuvamile okuhlolwa ngaphansi kwezimo ezijwayelekile ze-STC (i-STC ibhekisela ku-AM1.5 spectrum, ukuqina kwemisebe yesigameko kungu-1000W/m2, izinga lokushisa lengxenye ku-25°C)
3) I-voltage esebenzayo yi-voltage ehambisana ne-power point ephezulu, kanti i-working current iyi-current ehambisana ne-power point ephezulu.
I-voltage yesekethe evulekile yezinhlobo ezahlukene zamamojula e-photovoltaic ihlukile, okuhlobene nenani lamaseli kumojula kanye nendlela yokuxhuma, engaba ngu-30V ~ 60V. Izingxenye azinawo amaswishi kagesi ngamanye, futhi i-voltage ikhiqizwa lapho kukhona ukukhanya. I-voltage yesekethe evulekile yezinhlobo ezahlukene zamamojula e-photovoltaic ihlukile, okuhlobene nenani lamaseli kumojula kanye nendlela yokuxhuma, engaba ngu-30V ~ 60V. Izingxenye azinawo amaswishi kagesi ngamanye, futhi i-voltage ikhiqizwa lapho kukhona ukukhanya.
Ingaphakathi le-module ye-photovoltaic iyidivayisi ye-semiconductor, futhi i-voltage eqondile/engemihle eya phansi ayiyona inani elizinzile. Ukulinganisa okuqondile kuzobonisa i-voltage entantayo futhi kubole ngokushesha ku-0, okungenalo inani elisebenzayo lokubhekisela. Kunconywa ukukala i-voltage yesekethe evulekile phakathi kwama-terminals amahle nangalungile e-module ngaphansi kwezimo zokukhanya zangaphandle.
Amandla kagesi kanye ne-voltage yezitshalo zamandla elanga kuhlobene nokushisa, ukukhanya, njll. Njengoba izinga lokushisa nokukhanya kushintsha njalo, i-voltage kanye ne-current kuzoshintshashintsha (izinga lokushisa eliphezulu kanye ne-voltage ephansi, izinga lokushisa eliphezulu kanye ne-current ephezulu; ukukhanya okuhle, amandla kagesi aphezulu kanye ne-voltage); umsebenzi wezingxenye Izinga lokushisa lingu-40°C-85°C, ngakho-ke izinguquko zokushisa ngeke zithinte ukukhiqizwa kwamandla kwesiteshi sikagesi.
I-voltage yesekethe evulekile yemojuli ilinganiswa ngaphansi kwesimo se-STC (1000W/㎡irradiance, 25°C). Ngenxa yezimo zokukhanya, izimo zokushisa, kanye nokunemba kwethuluzi lokuhlola ngesikhathi sokuzihlola, i-voltage yesekethe evulekile kanye ne-voltage ye-nameplate kuzobangelwa. Kukhona ukuphambuka uma kuqhathaniswa; (2) I-coefficient evamile yokushisa kwe-voltage yesekethe evulekile icishe ibe -0.3(-)-0.35%/℃, ngakho-ke ukuphambuka kokuhlolwa kuhlobene nomehluko phakathi kwezinga lokushisa kanye no-25℃ ngesikhathi sokuhlolwa, kanye ne-voltage yesekethe evulekile ebangelwa ukukhanya. Umehluko ngeke udlule u-10%. Ngakho-ke, ngokuvamile, ukuphambuka phakathi kwe-voltage yesekethe evulekile yokuthola endaweni kanye nobubanzi be-nameplate yangempela kufanele kubalwe ngokuya ngendawo yokulinganisa yangempela, kodwa ngokuvamile ngeke kudlule u-15%.
Hlukanisa izingxenye ngokwesilinganiso samandla kagesi, bese uzimaka futhi uzihlukanise ezingxenyeni.
Ngokuvamile, i-inverter ehambisana nesigaba samandla ihlelwe ngokwezidingo zesistimu. Amandla e-inverter ekhethiwe kufanele afane namandla aphezulu e-array yeseli le-photovoltaic. Ngokuvamile, amandla okukhipha alinganisiwe e-inverter ye-photovoltaic akhethwa ukuthi afane namandla okufaka aphelele, ukuze kongiwe izindleko.
Ngokuklama uhlelo lwe-photovoltaic, isinyathelo sokuqala, nesinyathelo esibaluleke kakhulu, ukuhlaziya izinsiza zamandla elanga kanye nedatha yesimo sezulu ehlobene endaweni lapho iphrojekthi ifakiwe futhi isetshenziswa khona. Idatha yesimo sezulu, njengemisebe yelanga yendawo, imvula, kanye nesivinini somoya, iyidatha ebalulekile yokuklama uhlelo. Njengamanje, idatha yesimo sezulu yanoma iyiphi indawo emhlabeni ingabuzwa mahhala kudathabheyisi yesimo sezulu ye-National Aeronautics and Space Administration ye-NASA.
Isimiso Samamojula
1. Ihlobo yisizini lapho ukusetshenziswa kukagesi ekhaya kukhulu khona. Ukufaka izitshalo zikagesi ze-photovoltaic zasekhaya kungonakalisa izindleko zikagesi.
2. Ukufaka izitshalo zikagesi ze-photovoltaic zokusetshenziswa kwasekhaya kungajabulela uxhaso lukahulumeni, futhi kungathengisa ugesi owengeziwe kugridi, ukuze kutholakale izinzuzo zokukhanya kwelanga, ezingafeza izinjongo eziningi.
3. Isiteshi sikagesi se-photovoltaic esibekwe ophahleni sinomphumela othile wokuvimbela ukushisa, onganciphisa izinga lokushisa langaphakathi ngama-degree angu-3-5. Ngenkathi izinga lokushisa lesakhiwo lilawulwa, linganciphisa kakhulu ukusetshenziswa kwamandla kwe-air conditioner.
4. Isici esiyinhloko esithinta ukukhiqizwa kukagesi we-photovoltaic ukukhanya kwelanga. Ehlobo, izinsuku ziba zinde kanti ubusuku bufushane, kanti amahora okusebenza esiteshi sikagesi amade kunokujwayelekile, ngakho ukukhiqizwa kukagesi kuzokwanda ngokwemvelo.
Uma nje kukhona ukukhanya, amamojula azokhiqiza i-voltage, futhi ugesi okhiqizwa ngesithombe ulingana nokukhanya okukhulu. Izingxenye zizosebenza futhi ngaphansi kwezimo zokukhanya okuphansi, kodwa amandla okukhipha azoncipha. Ngenxa yokukhanya okubuthakathaka ebusuku, amandla akhiqizwa amamojula awanele ukuqhuba i-inverter ukuthi isebenze, ngakho-ke amamojula ngokuvamile awakhiqizi ugesi. Kodwa-ke, ngaphansi kwezimo ezimbi kakhulu njengokukhanya kwenyanga okunamandla, uhlelo lwe-photovoltaic lungase lube namandla aphansi kakhulu.
Amamojula e-Photovoltaic akhiwa kakhulu ngamaseli, ifilimu, i-backplane, ingilazi, uhlaka, ibhokisi lokuxhumanisa, iribhoni, ijeli ye-silica nezinye izinto. Ishidi lebhethri liyizinto eziyinhloko zokukhiqizwa kwamandla; ezinye izinto zihlinzeka ngokuvikelwa kokupakishwa, ukwesekwa, ukubopha, ukumelana nesimo sezulu kanye neminye imisebenzi.
Umehluko phakathi kwamamojula e-monocrystalline namamojula e-polycrystalline ukuthi amaseli ahlukile. Amaseli e-monocrystalline namaseli e-polycrystalline anesimiso esifanayo sokusebenza kodwa izinqubo zokukhiqiza ezahlukene. Ukubukeka nakho kuhlukile. Ibhethri le-monocrystalline line-arc chamfering, kanti ibhethri le-polycrystalline liyi-rectangle ephelele.
Uhlangothi lwangaphambili lwe-modul eyodwa kuphela olungakhiqiza ugesi, kanti izinhlangothi zombili ze-modul ezimbili zingakhiqiza ugesi.
Kukhona ungqimba lwefilimu yokumboza ebusweni beshidi lebhethri, futhi ukushintshashintsha kwenqubo enqubweni yokucubungula kuholela ekwehlukeni kobukhulu bengqimba yefilimu, okwenza ukubonakala kweshidi lebhethri kuhluke kusukela koluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka kuya komnyama. Amaseli ahlelwa ngesikhathi senqubo yokukhiqiza imodyuli ukuqinisekisa ukuthi umbala wamaseli ngaphakathi kwemodyuli efanayo uyahambisana, kodwa kuzoba nomehluko wombala phakathi kwamamojula ahlukene. Umehluko wombala umehluko kuphela ekubukekeni kwezingxenye, futhi awunawo umthelela ekusebenzeni kokukhiqiza amandla kwezingxenye.
Ugesi okhiqizwa amamojula e-photovoltaic ungowamandla aqondile, futhi insimu kagesi ezungezile izinzile, futhi ayikhiphi amagagasi kagesi, ngakho ngeke ikhiqize imisebe kagesi.
Ukusebenza Nokugcinwa Kwamamojula
Amamojula e-photovoltaic ophahleni adinga ukuhlanzwa njalo.
1. Hlola njalo ukuhlanzeka kwendawo eyingxenye (kanye ngenyanga), bese uyihlanza njalo ngamanzi ahlanzekile. Lapho uhlanza, naka ukuhlanzeka kwendawo eyingxenye, ukuze ugweme indawo eshisayo yendawo ebangelwa ukungcola okusele;
2. Ukuze kugwenywe umonakalo wokushaqeka kukagesi emzimbeni kanye nomonakalo ongaba khona ezingxenyeni lapho kusulwa izingxenye ngaphansi kokushisa okuphezulu nokukhanya okunamandla, isikhathi sokuhlanza sisekuseni nakusihlwa ngaphandle kokukhanya kwelanga;
3. Zama ukuqinisekisa ukuthi akukho ukhula, izihlahla, nezakhiwo eziphakeme kune-module empumalanga, eningizimu-mpumalanga, eningizimu-ntshonalanga, nasentshonalanga ye-module. Ukhula nezihlahla eziphakeme kune-module kufanele zinqunywe ngesikhathi ukuze kugwenywe ukuvimba nokuthinta ukukhiqizwa kukagesi kwe-module.
Ngemva kokuba ingxenye yonakele, ukusebenza kokufakwa kokushisa kukagesi kuyancishiswa, futhi kukhona ingozi yokuvuza kanye nokushaqeka kukagesi. Kunconywa ukuthi ingxenye ishintshwe ngentsha ngokushesha okukhulu ngemva kokuba ugesi ucinyiwe.
Ukukhiqizwa kwamandla e-photovoltaic module kuhlobene kakhulu nezimo zezulu ezifana nezinkathi ezine zonyaka, imini nobusuku, kanye namafu noma ilanga. Esimweni sezulu esinemvula, yize kungekho ukukhanya kwelanga okuqondile, ukukhiqizwa kwamandla kwezitshalo zamandla e-photovoltaic kuzoba kuphansi kakhulu, kodwa akuyeki ukukhiqiza amandla. Amamojula e-photovoltaic asagcina ukusebenza kahle kokuguqulwa okuphezulu ngaphansi kokukhanya okuhlakazekile noma ngisho nezimo zokukhanya okubuthakathaka.
Izici zesimo sezulu azikwazi ukulawulwa, kodwa ukwenza umsebenzi omuhle wokugcina amamojula e-photovoltaic empilweni yansuku zonke kungandisa nokukhiqizwa kwamandla. Ngemva kokuba izingxenye sezifakiwe futhi ziqale ukukhiqiza ugesi ngendlela evamile, ukuhlolwa okuvamile kungahambisana nokusebenza kwesiteshi sikagesi, futhi ukuhlanza okuvamile kungasusa uthuli nokunye ukungcola ebusweni bezingxenye futhi kuthuthukise ukusebenza kahle kokukhiqizwa kwamandla kwezingxenye.
1. Gcina umoya ungena, hlola njalo ukushabalaliswa kokushisa okuzungeze i-inverter ukuze ubone ukuthi umoya ungajikeleza kahle yini, hlanza njalo izihlangu ezingxenyeni, hlola njalo ukuthi amabakaki nezinamathiseli zezingxenye zikhululekile yini, bese uhlola ukuthi izintambo zivuliwe yini. Isimo njalo njalo.
2. Qiniseka ukuthi akukho ukhula, amaqabunga awile nezinyoni ezizungeze isiteshi sikagesi. Khumbula ukuthi ungawomisi izitshalo, izingubo, njll. kumamojula e-photovoltaic. Lezi zindawo zokukhosela ngeke zithinte kuphela ukukhiqizwa kukagesi, kodwa futhi zizobangela umphumela we-hot spot wamamojula, okuzobangela izingozi zokuphepha ezingaba khona.
3. Akuvunyelwe ukufafaza amanzi ezingxenyeni ukuze kuphole ngesikhathi sokushisa okuphezulu. Nakuba lolu hlobo lwendlela yenhlabathi lungaba nomphumela wokupholisa, uma isiteshi sakho sikagesi singavinjelwanga kahle amanzi ngesikhathi sokuklama nokufakwa, kungaba khona ingozi yokushaqeka kukagesi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukusebenza kokufafaza amanzi ukuze kuphole kufana "nemvula yelanga yokwenziwa", okuzophinde kunciphise ukukhiqizwa kukagesi kwesiteshi sikagesi.
Irobhothi yokuhlanza nokuhlanza ngesandla ingasetshenziswa ngezindlela ezimbili, ezikhethwa ngokwezici zokonga isiteshi sikagesi kanye nobunzima bokusebenza; kufanele kunakwe inqubo yokususa uthuli: 1. Ngesikhathi senqubo yokuhlanza izingxenye, akuvunyelwe ukuma noma ukuhamba phezu kwezingxenye ukuze kugwenywe amandla endawo ezingxenyeni. Ukukhishwa; 2. Ukuvama kokuhlanza imodyuli kuncike ekuqongeleleni kothuli kanye nendle yezinyoni ebusweni bemodyuli. Isiteshi sikagesi esinesivikelo esincane sivame ukuhlanzwa kabili ngonyaka. Uma isivikelo sibucayi, singandiswa ngokufanele ngokwezibalo zomnotho. 3. Zama ukukhetha usuku lwasekuseni, lwakusihlwa noma olunamafu lapho ukukhanya kubuthakathaka (ukukhanya kungaphansi kuka-200W/㎡) lokuhlanza; 4. Uma ingilazi, i-backplane noma ikhebula lemodyuli lonakele, kufanele lishintshwe ngesikhathi ngaphambi kokuhlanza ukuze kuvinjelwe ukushaqeka kukagesi.
1. Ukuklwebheka ngemuva kwe-module kuzokwenza ukuthi umhwamuko wamanzi ungene kwi-module futhi kunciphise ukusebenza kokushisa kwe-module, okubeka engcupheni enkulu yokuphepha;
2. Ukusebenza nokugcinwa kwansuku zonke qaphela ukuhlola ukungalingani kwemihuzuko yangemuva, thola futhi ubhekane nayo ngesikhathi;
3. Ngezingxenye eziklwejiwe, uma imiklwebhe ingajulile futhi ingadabuli ebusweni, ungasebenzisa i-backplane repair tape ekhishwe emakethe ukuze uyilungise. Uma imiklwebhe imbi kakhulu, kunconywa ukuthi uyishintshe ngqo.
1. Enkambisweni yokuhlanza imodyuli, akuvunyelwe ukuma noma ukuhamba phezu kwamamojula ukuze kugwenywe ukuphuma kwamamojula endaweni;
2. Ukuvama kokuhlanza imodyuli kuncike esivinini sokuqongelela kwezinto ezivimbayo njengothuli kanye nendle yezinyoni ebusweni bemodyuli. Iziteshi zikagesi ezinezivimbelo ezincane ngokuvamile zihlanza kabili ngonyaka. Uma ukuvimba kukubi kakhulu, kungandiswa ngokufanele ngokwezibalo zezomnotho.
3. Zama ukukhetha izinsuku zasekuseni, kusihlwa noma ezinamafu lapho ukukhanya kubuthakathaka (ukukhanya kungaphansi kuka-200W/㎡) ukuze kuhlanzwe;
4. Uma ingilazi, i-backplane noma ikhebula le-module lonakele, kufanele lishintshwe ngesikhathi ngaphambi kokuhlanza ukuze kuvinjelwe ukushaqeka kukagesi.
Kunconywa ukuthi umfutho wamanzi okuhlanza ube yi-≤3000pa ngaphambili kanye ne-≤1500pa ngemuva kwemojuli (ingemuva lemojuli enezinhlangothi ezimbili idinga ukuhlanzwa ukuze kukhiqizwe ugesi, kanti ingemuva lemojuli evamile alikhuthazwa). ~8 phakathi.
Uma ukungcola kungenakususwa ngamanzi ahlanzekile, ungakhetha ukusebenzisa ezinye izihlanzi zeglasi zezimboni, utshwala, i-methanol nezinye izinyibilikisi ngokuya ngohlobo lokungcola. Akuvunyelwe ngokuphelele ukusebenzisa ezinye izinto zamakhemikhali njengempuphu ekhuhlayo, i-ejenti yokuhlanza ekhuhlayo, i-ejenti yokuhlanza yokuwasha, umshini wokupholisha, i-sodium hydroxide, i-benzene, i-nitro thinner, i-acid enamandla noma i-alkali eqinile.
Iziphakamiso: (1) Hlola njalo ukuhlanzeka kobuso bemojuli (kanye ngenyanga), bese uyihlanza njalo ngamanzi ahlanzekile. Lapho uhlanza, naka ukuhlanzeka kobuso bemojuli ukuze ugweme izindawo ezishisayo kumojuli ezibangelwa ukungcola okusele. Isikhathi sokuhlanza sisekuseni nakusihlwa lapho kungekho ukukhanya kwelanga; (2) Zama ukuqinisekisa ukuthi akukho ukhula, izihlahla nezakhiwo eziphakeme kunemojuli empumalanga, eningizimu-mpumalanga, eningizimu-ntshonalanga nasentshonalanga yemojuli, bese usika ukhula nezihlahla eziphakeme kunemojuli ngesikhathi ukuze ugweme ukuvaleka Kuthinta ukukhiqizwa kwamandla kwezingxenye.
Ukwanda kokukhiqizwa kwamandla kwamamojula amabili uma kuqhathaniswa namamojula avamile kuncike kulezi zici ezilandelayo: (1) ukubonakaliswa komhlabathi (omhlophe, okhanyayo); (2) ukuphakama nokuthambekela kokusekelwa; (3) ukukhanya okuqondile nokusabalala kwendawo lapho kutholakala khona Isilinganiso sokukhanya (isibhakabhaka siluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka kakhulu noma simpunga); ngakho-ke, kufanele sihlolwe ngokwesimo sangempela sesiteshi sikagesi.
Uma kukhona ukuvaleka ngaphezu kwemojuli, kungase kungabi khona izindawo ezishisayo, kuncike esimweni sangempela sokuvaleka. Kuzoba nomthelela ekukhiqizweni kukagesi, kodwa umthelela kunzima ukuwulinganisa futhi kudinga ochwepheshe abangochwepheshe ukuba bawubale.
Izixazululo
Isiteshi sikagesi
Amandla kagesi kanye ne-voltage yezitshalo zamandla kagesi ze-PV kuthinteka yizinga lokushisa, ukukhanya kanye nezinye izimo. Kuhlala kukhona ukuguquguquka kwamandla kagesi kanye nogesi njengoba ukushintshashintsha kwezinga lokushisa kanye nogesi kuyaguquguquka: lapho izinga lokushisa liphezulu, amandla kagesi aphansi kanye namandla kagesi aphezulu, futhi lapho amandla okukhanya ephezulu, amandla kagesi kanye nogesi kuphakeme. Amamojula angasebenza kububanzi bokushisa obungu--40°C--85°C ngakho-ke isivuno samandla sesitshalo samandla kagesi se-PV sizophawuleka ukuthi siyathinteka.
Amamojula abonakala eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka ngenxa yokwembozwa kwefilimu okuvimbela ukukhanyisa ebusweni bamaseli. Kodwa-ke, kunomehluko othile embala wamamojula ngenxa yomehluko othile ekujiyeni kwamafilimu anjalo. Sineqoqo lemibala ehlukene ejwayelekile, kufaka phakathi okuluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka okungajulile, okuluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka okukhanyayo, okuluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka okuphakathi, okuluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka okumnyama kanye nokuluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka okujulile kwamamojula. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukusebenza kahle kokukhiqizwa kwamandla e-PV kuhlotshaniswa namandla amamojula, futhi akuthonywa yinoma yimuphi umehluko embala.
Ukuze kugcinwe isivuno samandla ezitshalo sisezingeni eliphezulu, hlola ukuhlanzeka kwezindawo zemodyuli njalo ngenyanga bese uzigeza njalo ngamanzi ahlanzekile. Kufanele kunakwe ukuhlanza ngokuphelele izindawo zemodyuli ukuze kuvinjelwe ukwakheka kwezindawo ezishisayo kumamojula okubangelwa ukungcola okusele, futhi umsebenzi wokuhlanza kufanele wenziwe ekuseni noma ebusuku. Futhi, ungavumeli noma yiziphi izitshalo, izihlahla nezakhiwo ezinde kunezimojula empumalanga, eningizimu-mpumalanga, eningizimu-ntshonalanga kanye nasentshonalanga ye-array. Kunconywa ukuthena ngesikhathi noma yiziphi izihlahla nezitshalo ezinde kunezimojula ukuze kuvinjelwe umthunzi kanye nomthelela ongaba khona ekuvuneni kwamandla kwamamojula (ukuze uthole imininingwane, bheka incwadi yokuhlanza.
Inzuzo yamandla yesitshalo sikagesi se-PV incike ezintweni eziningi, okuhlanganisa izimo zezulu zendawo kanye nazo zonke izingxenye ezahlukahlukene ohlelweni. Ngaphansi kwezimo zesevisi ezijwayelekile, inzuzo yamandla incike kakhulu emisebeni yelanga kanye nezimo zokufakwa, ezingaphansi komehluko omkhulu phakathi kwezifunda nezinkathi zonyaka. Ngaphezu kwalokho, sincoma ukuthi unake kakhulu ukubala inzuzo yamandla yonyaka yesistimu kunokugxila kudatha yenzuzo yansuku zonke.
Indawo ebizwa ngokuthi iyinkimbinkimbi yezintaba inemihosha eqondile, ukushintshela okuningana emithambekeni, kanye nezimo eziyinkimbinkimbi zejoloji kanye nezamanzi. Ekuqaleni kokuklama, ithimba lokuklama kumele licabangele ngokugcwele noma yiziphi izinguquko ezingaba khona ekuklanyweni kwendawo. Uma kungenjalo, amamojula angafihlwa elangeni eliqondile, okuholela ezinkingeni ezingaba khona ngesikhathi sokuhlelwa nokwakhiwa.
Ukukhiqizwa kukagesi we-Mountain PV kunezidingo ezithile zendawo kanye nokuqondiswa. Ngokuvamile, kungcono ukukhetha indawo eyisicaba enomthambeka oseningizimu (lapho umthambeka ungaphansi kwama-degrees angu-35). Uma indawo inomthambeka ongaphezu kwama-degrees angu-35 eningizimu, okuhlanganisa ukwakhiwa okunzima kodwa isivuno samandla aphezulu kanye nesikhala esincane se-array kanye nendawo yomhlaba, kungaba kuhle ukucabangela kabusha ukukhethwa kwendawo. Izibonelo zesibili yilezo zindawo ezine-slope eseningizimu-mpumalanga, umthambeka oseningizimu-ntshonalanga, umthambeka osempumalanga, kanye nomthambeka osentshonalanga (lapho umthambeka ungaphansi kwama-degrees angu-20). Lokhu kuqondiswa kunesikhala esincane se-array kanye nendawo enkulu yomhlaba, futhi kungacatshangwa uma nje umthambeka ungaphakeme kakhulu. Izibonelo zokugcina yizindawo ezine-slope esenyakatho enomthunzi. Lokhu kuqondiswa kuthola ukushiswa okulinganiselwe, isivuno esincane samandla kanye nesikhala esikhulu se-array. Izindawo ezinjalo kufanele zisetshenziswe kancane ngangokunokwenzeka. Uma izindawo ezinjalo kufanele zisetshenziswe, kungcono ukukhetha izindawo ezine-slope engaphansi kwama-degrees ayi-10.
Indawo enezintaba inezinsika ezinezindlela ezahlukene kanye nokwehluka okukhulu kwemithambeka, ngisho nezigodi ezijulile noma amagquma kwezinye izindawo. Ngakho-ke, uhlelo lokusekela kufanele lwakhiwe ngendlela eguquguqukayo ngangokunokwenzeka ukuze kuthuthukiswe ukuzivumelanisa nendawo eyinkimbinkimbi: o Shintsha i-rack ende ibe yi-rack emfushane. o Sebenzisa isakhiwo se-rack esivumelana kakhulu nendawo: ukwesekwa kwenqwaba yomugqa owodwa okunomehluko wokuphakama kwekholomu olungisekayo, ukwesekwa okuqinile kwenqwaba eyodwa, noma ukwesekwa kokulandelela nge-engeli yokuphakama elungisekayo. o Sebenzisa ukwesekwa kwekhebula elinomkhawulo omude ocindezelwe kusengaphambili, okungasiza ekunqobeni ukungalingani phakathi kwamakholomu.
Sinikeza umklamo oningiliziwe kanye nokuhlolwa kwendawo ezigabeni zokuqala zokuthuthukiswa ukuze sinciphise inani lomhlaba osetshenziswayo.
Izitshalo zikagesi ze-PV ezinobungani nemvelo zinobungani nemvelo, zinobungani negridi futhi zinobungani namakhasimende. Uma ziqhathaniswa nezitshalo zikagesi ezivamile, zingcono kakhulu kwezomnotho, ukusebenza kahle, ubuchwepheshe kanye nokukhishwa kwegesi.
Izindawo Zokuhlala Ezisatshalaliswayo
Ukukhiqizwa kwamandla okungeziwe kanye negridi yamandla engeziwe yokuzisebenzisa kusho ukuthi amandla akhiqizwa uhlelo lokukhiqizwa kwamandla e-photovoltaic olusatshalaliswe lusetshenziswa kakhulu ngabasebenzisi bamandla ngokwabo, futhi amandla engeziwe axhunywe kugridi. Kuyimodeli yebhizinisi yokukhiqizwa kwamandla e-photovoltaic asatshalaliswe. Kule modi yokusebenza, indawo yokuxhuma igridi ye-photovoltaic isethwe ku- Ohlangothini lomthwalo wemitha yomsebenzisi, kuyadingeka ukwengeza imitha yokukala yokudluliselwa kwamandla e-photovoltaic reverse noma ukusetha imitha yokusetshenziswa kwamandla egridi ibe yimitha enezindlela ezimbili. Amandla e-photovoltaic asetshenziswa ngqo ngumsebenzisi ngokwakhe angajabulela ngqo intengo yokuthengisa yegridi yamandla ngendlela yokonga ugesi. Ugesi ulinganiswa ngokwehlukana futhi uxazululwe ngentengo kagesi ebekwe kugridi.
Isiteshi sikagesi se-photovoltaic esisabalalisiwe sibhekisela ohlelweni lokukhiqizwa kwamandla olusebenzisa izinsiza ezisabalalisiwe, olunomthamo omncane ofakiwe, futhi oluhlelwe eduze komsebenzisi. Ngokuvamile luxhunywe kugridi yamandla enezinga le-voltage elingaphansi kwama-35 kV noma ngaphansi. Lusebenzisa amamojula e-photovoltaic ukuguqula ngqo amandla elanga. amandla kagesi. Luhlobo olusha lokukhiqizwa kwamandla kanye nokusetshenziswa okuphelele kwamandla ngamathuba entuthuko abanzi. Lukhuthaza izimiso zokukhiqizwa kwamandla aseduze, uxhumano lwegridi oluseduze, ukuguqulwa okuseduze, kanye nokusetshenziswa okuseduze. Alukwazi nje kuphela ukwandisa ngempumelelo ukukhiqizwa kwamandla kwezitshalo zamandla ze-photovoltaic zesilinganiso esifanayo, kodwa futhi ngempumelelo Ixazulula inkinga yokulahlekelwa amandla ngesikhathi sokukhulisa kanye nokuthuthwa kwebanga elide.
I-voltage exhunywe kugridi yesistimu ye-photovoltaic esatshalaliswa inqunywa kakhulu amandla afakiwe esistimu. I-voltage ethile exhunywe kugridi idinga ukunqunywa ngokuya ngokuvunyelwa kwesistimu yokufinyelela yenkampani yegridi. Ngokuvamile, imizi isebenzisa i-AC220V ukuxhuma kugridi, futhi abasebenzisi bezentengiselwano bangakhetha i-AC380V noma i-10kV ukuxhuma kugridi.
Ukugcinwa kokushisa nokushisa kwezindlu zokugcina izithombo bekulokhu kuyinkinga ebalulekile ehlupha abalimi. Izindawo zokugcina izithombo zezolimo ze-photovoltaic kulindeleke ukuthi zixazulule le nkinga. Ngenxa yokushisa okuphezulu ehlobo, izinhlobo eziningi zemifino azikwazi ukukhula ngokujwayelekile kusukela ngoJuni kuya kuSepthemba, futhi izindawo zokugcina izithombo zezolimo ze-photovoltaic zifana nokwengeza. Kufakwa i-spectrometer, engahlukanisa imisebe ye-infrared futhi ivimbele ukushisa okweqile ukuthi kungangeni endlini yokugcina izithombo. Ebusika nasebusuku, ingavimbela nokukhanya kwe-infrared endlini yokugcina izithombo ukuthi kungakhanyi ngaphandle, okunomthelela wokulondolozwa kokushisa. Izindawo zokugcina izithombo zezolimo ze-photovoltaic zinganikeza amandla adingekayo okukhanyisa ezindaweni zokugcina izithombo zezolimo, kanti amandla asele angaxhunywa negridi. Endaweni yokugcina izithombo ze-photovoltaic engaphandle kwegridi, ingafakwa nohlelo lwe-LED ukuvimba ukukhanya emini ukuqinisekisa ukukhula kwezitshalo nokukhiqiza ugesi ngesikhathi esifanayo. Uhlelo lwe-LED lwasebusuku lunikeza ukukhanya kusetshenziswa amandla emini. Ama-photovoltaic arrays angakhiwa nasemachibini ezinhlanzi, amachibi angaqhubeka nokukhulisa izinhlanzi, kanti ama-photovoltaic arrays angahlinzeka ngendawo yokuhlala enhle yokufuya izinhlanzi, okuxazulula kangcono ukungqubuzana phakathi kokuthuthukiswa kwamandla amasha kanye nenani elikhulu lokuhlala ezweni. Ngakho-ke, izindawo zokugcina izithombo zezolimo namachibi ezinhlanzi Uhlelo lokukhiqizwa kwamandla e-photovoltaic olusatshalaliswa lungafakwa.
Izakhiwo zasefektri emkhakheni wezimboni: ikakhulukazi emafektri asebenzisa ugesi omningi kanye nezindleko zikagesi ezibizayo zokuthenga online, ngokuvamile izakhiwo zasefektri zinendawo enkulu yophahla kanye nophahla oluvulekile noluyisicaba, olufanele ukufaka ama-photovoltaic arrays futhi ngenxa yomthwalo omkhulu wamandla, izinhlelo ezixhunywe ngegridi ye-photovoltaic ezisatshalaliswa zingase zisetshenziswe endaweni ukuze zinciphise ingxenye yamandla okuthenga online, ngaleyo ndlela zonge izikweletu zikagesi zabasebenzisi.
Izakhiwo zezentengiselwano: Umphumela ufana nowamapaki ezimboni, umehluko uwukuthi izakhiwo zezentengiselwano ikakhulukazi zinophahla lukasimende, olulungele kakhulu ukufakwa kwama-photovoltaic arrays, kodwa zivame ukuba nezidingo zobuhle bezakhiwo. Ngokusho kwezakhiwo zezentengiselwano, izakhiwo zamahhovisi, amahhotela, izikhungo zemihlangano, izindawo zokungcebeleka, njll. Ngenxa yezici zomkhakha wezinsizakalo, izici zomthwalo wabasebenzisi ngokuvamile ziphakeme emini futhi ziphansi ebusuku, okungafanelana kangcono nezici zokukhiqizwa kwamandla e-photovoltaic.
Izakhiwo zezolimo: Kunenqwaba yophahla olutholakalayo ezindaweni zasemakhaya, okuhlanganisa izindlu ezizimele, amashede emifino, amachibi ezinhlanzi, njll. Izindawo zasemakhaya zivame ukuba sekupheleni kwegridi kagesi yomphakathi, futhi ikhwalithi kagesi ayinhle. Ukwakha izinhlelo ze-photovoltaic ezisatshalaliswa ezindaweni zasemakhaya kungathuthukisa ukuphepha kukagesi kanye nekhwalithi kagesi.
Izakhiwo zikamasipala nezinye zomphakathi: Ngenxa yezindinganiso zokuphatha ezihlangene, umthwalo wabasebenzisi othembekile kanye nokuziphatha kwebhizinisi, kanye nomdlandla omkhulu wokufakwa, izakhiwo zikamasipala nezinye zomphakathi nazo zifanelekile ekwakhiweni okuphakathi nokuseduze kwama-photovoltaic asakazwayo.
Izindawo zezolimo nezokufuya ezikude kanye neziqhingi: Ngenxa yebanga ukusuka kugridi kagesi, kusenezigidi zabantu abangenawo ugesi ezindaweni zezolimo nezokufuya ezikude, kanye naseziqhingini ezisogwini. Izinhlelo ze-photovoltaic ezingaphandle kwegridi noma ezihambisana neminye imithombo yamandla, uhlelo lokukhiqizwa kwamandla e-micro-grid lufaneleka kakhulu ukusetshenziswa kulezi zindawo.
Okokuqala, kungakhuthazwa ezakhiweni ezahlukene nasezindaweni zomphakathi ezweni lonke ukuze kwakhiwe uhlelo lokukhiqizwa kwamandla kagesi olusebenzisa i-photovoltaic esakhiweni esabiwe, futhi kusetshenziswe izakhiwo ezahlukene zendawo kanye nezindawo zomphakathi ukusungula uhlelo lokukhiqizwa kwamandla kagesi olusakaziwe ukuze kuhlangatshezwane nengxenye yesidingo sikagesi sabasebenzisi bamandla futhi kuhlinzekwe ngokusetshenziswa kakhulu. Amabhizinisi angahlinzeka ngogesi wokukhiqiza;
Okwesibili ukuthi kungakhuthazwa ezindaweni ezikude njengeziqhingi nakwezinye izindawo ezinogesi omncane futhi ezingenawo ugesi ukuze kwakheke izinhlelo zokuphehla ugesi ngaphandle kwegridi noma ama-micro-grid. Ngenxa yegebe emazingeni okuthuthukiswa komnotho, kusenabantu ezindaweni ezikude ezweni lami abangakaxazululi inkinga eyisisekelo yokusetshenziswa kukagesi. Amaphrojekthi egridi athembele kakhulu ekwandisweni kwamagridi amakhulu kagesi, ugesi omncane wamanzi, ugesi omncane oshisayo kanye neminye imithombo kagesi. Kunzima kakhulu ukwandisa igridi kagesi, futhi irediyasi yokuphakelwa kukagesi inde kakhulu, okuholela ekhwalithini embi yokuphakelwa kukagesi. Ukuthuthukiswa kokuphehlwa kukagesi okusatshalaliswa ngaphandle kwegridi akukwazi nje ukuxazulula inkinga yokushoda kukagesi Izakhamuzi ezindaweni ezisebenzisa ugesi omncane zinezinkinga eziyisisekelo zokusetshenziswa kukagesi, futhi zingasebenzisa amandla avuselelekayo endawo ngendlela ehlanzekile nangendlela ephumelelayo, zixazulule ngempumelelo ukuphikisana phakathi kwamandla nemvelo.
Ukukhiqizwa kwamandla e-photovoltaic okusatshalaliswayo kufaka phakathi amafomu okufaka isicelo afana nama-micro-grid axhunyiwe kugridi, angaphandle kwegridi kanye nawamandla amaningi. Ukukhiqizwa kwamandla okusatshalaliswa okuxhunywe kugridi kusetshenziswa kakhulu eduze kwabasebenzisi. Thenga ugesi kugridi lapho ukukhiqizwa kwamandla noma ugesi kunganele, bese uthengisa ugesi ku-inthanethi lapho kunogesi owengeziwe. Ukukhiqizwa kwamandla e-photovoltaic okusatshalaliswa ngaphandle kwegridi kusetshenziswa kakhulu ezindaweni ezikude nasezindaweni zaseziqhingini. Akuxhunyiwe kugridi enkulu yamandla, futhi kusebenzisa uhlelo lwayo lokukhiqizwa kwamandla kanye nohlelo lokugcina amandla ukuze kunikezwe ngqo amandla kumthwalo. Uhlelo lwe-photovoltaic olusatshalaliswayo lungakha futhi uhlelo lwe-micro-electric oluhambisana namandla amaningi nezinye izindlela zokukhiqizwa kwamandla, njengamanzi, umoya, ukukhanya, njll., olungasetshenziswa ngokuzimela njengegridi encane noma luhlanganiswe kugridi ukuze kusebenze inethiwekhi.
Njengamanje, kunezixazululo eziningi zezimali ezingahlangabezana nezidingo zabasebenzisi abahlukene. Kudingeka imali encane yokuqala, futhi imali mboleko ikhokhwa ngemali engenayo evela ekukhiqizweni kukagesi minyaka yonke, ukuze bakwazi ukujabulela impilo eluhlaza elethwa yi-photovoltaics.
