Imikhiqizo
Amamojula
Imojula eyenziwe ngokwezifiso iyatholakala ukuze ihlangabezane nezidingo ezikhethekile zamakhasimende, futhi ithobela izindinganiso zezimboni ezifanele nezimo zokuhlola.Phakathi nenqubo yokuthengisa, abathengisi bethu bazokwazisa amakhasimende ngolwazi oluyisisekelo lwamamojula a-odiwe, okuhlanganisa indlela yokufaka, izimo zokusetshenziswa, kanye nomehluko phakathi kwamamojula avamile nangokwezifiso.Ngokufanayo, ama-ejenti azokwazisa amakhasimende awo angezansi ngemininingwane emayelana namamojula enziwe ngokwezifiso.
Sinikeza amafreyimu amnyama noma asiliva amamojula ukuhlangabezana nezicelo zamakhasimende kanye nokusetshenziswa kwamamojula.Sincoma amamojula akhangayo anozimele omnyama ophahleni lwendlu kanye nezindonga zamakhethini zokwakha.Awekho amafreyimu amnyama nasiliva awathinti isivuno samandla semojuli.
I-Perforation kanye ne-welding ayinconywa ngoba ingalimaza isakhiwo sonke se-module, ukuze kuqhutshekwe nomphumela wokuwohloka komthamo wokulayisha wemishini ngesikhathi sezinsizakalo ezilandelayo, okungase kuholele ekuqhekekeni okungabonakali kwamamojula futhi ngenxa yalokho kuthinte isivuno samandla.
Isivuno samandla semojula sincike ezintweni ezintathu: imisebe yelanga (i-H--peak amahora), isilinganiso samandla emojula nameplate (watts) kanye nokusebenza kahle kwesistimu (Pr) (ngokuvamile kuthathwa cishe ku-80%), lapho isivuno samandla siphelele. umkhiqizo walezi zici ezintathu;isivuno samandla = H x W x Pr.Umthamo ofakiwe ubalwa ngokuphindaphinda isilinganiso samandla se-nameplate semojuli eyodwa ngenani eliphelele lamamojula ohlelweni.Isibonelo, kumamojula angu-10 285 W afakiwe, umthamo ofakiwe ngu-285 x 10 = 2,850 W.
Ukuthuthukiswa kwesivuno samandla okuzuzwe ngamamojula we-PV e-bifacial uma kuqhathaniswa namamojula avamile kuncike ekuboniseni phansi, noma i-albedo;ukuphakama kanye ne-azimuth ye-tracker noma enye i-racking efakiwe;kanye nesilinganiso sokukhanya okuqondile ekukhanyeni okuhlakazekile esifundeni (izinsuku eziluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka noma ezimpunga).Uma kubhekwa lezi zici, inani lokuthuthukiswa kufanele lihlolwe ngokusekelwe ezimweni zangempela zesikhungo samandla se-PV.Ukuthuthukiswa kokuvunwa kwamandla okubili kusuka ku-5--20%.
Amamojula we-toenergy ahlolwe ngokuqinile futhi ayakwazi ukumelana nesivinini somoya wesishingishane esifika ku-Grade 12. Amamojula futhi anebanga elingangeni manzi le-IP68, futhi angakwazi ukumelana ngokuphumelelayo nesichotho okungenani esingu-25 mm ngobukhulu.
Amamojula we-Monofacial anewaranti yeminyaka engu-25 yokuphehla amandla ngendlela efanele, kuyilapho ukusebenza kwemojula ye-bifacial kuqinisekiswa iminyaka engu-30.
Amamojula we-Bifacial abiza kancane kunamamojula we-monofacial, kodwa angakwazi ukukhiqiza amandla amaningi ngaphansi kwezimo ezifanele.Uma uhlangothi olungemuva lwemodyuli lungavinjiwe, ukukhanya okutholwe ohlangothini olungemuva lwemodyuli ye-bifacial kungathuthukisa kakhulu isivuno samandla.Ukwengeza, isakhiwo se-glass-glass encapsulation semodule ye-bifacial sinokumelana kangcono nokuguguleka kwemvelo ngomhwamuko wamanzi, inkungu yomoya kasawoti, njll. Amamojula we-Monofacial afaneleka kakhulu ukufakwa ezifundeni ezisezintabeni kanye nezinhlelo zokusebenza zophahla ezisakazwayo.
Ukubonisana Kwezobuchwepheshe
Izakhiwo zikagesi
Imingcele yokusebenza kagesi yamamojula we-photovoltaic ihlanganisa i-voltage yesifunda evulekile (Voc), i-transfer current (Isc), i-voltage yokusebenza (Um), yamanje yokusebenza (Im) namandla okukhipha aphezulu (Pm).
1) Uma u-U=0 lapho izigaba ezinhle nezingezinhle zengxenye zineziyingi ezimfushane, umsinga ngalesi sikhathi umsinga wesekethe esifushane.Lapho ama-terminals alungile futhi angalungile engxenye engaxhunywanga emthwalweni, i-voltage phakathi kwama-terminals amahle nebibi wengxenye yi-voltage yesifunda evulekile.
2) Amandla aphezulu okukhiphayo ancike ekukhanyeni kwelanga, ukusatshalaliswa kwe-spectral, izinga lokushisa elisebenza kancane kancane kanye nosayizi womthwalo, ngokuvamile ahlolwe ngaphansi kwezimo ezijwayelekile ze-STC (i-STC ibhekisela ku-spectrum ye-AM1.5, ukuqina kwemisebe yesigameko ngu-1000W/m2, izinga lokushisa lengxenye ku-25° C)
3) I-voltage esebenzayo i-voltage ehambisana nephuzu lamandla amakhulu, futhi ukusebenza kwamanje kuhambisana nephuzu lamandla aphezulu.
I-voltage yesifunda evulekile yezinhlobo ezahlukene zamamojula we-photovoltaic ihlukile, ehlobene nenani lamaseli kumojula kanye nendlela yokuxhuma, engaba ngu-30V ~ 60V.Izingxenye azinawo amaswishi kagesi ngamanye, futhi i-voltage ikhiqizwa phambi kokukhanya.I-voltage yesifunda evulekile yezinhlobo ezahlukene zamamojula we-photovoltaic ihlukile, ehlobene nenani lamaseli kumojula kanye nendlela yokuxhuma, engaba ngu-30V ~ 60V.Izingxenye azinawo amaswishi kagesi ngamanye, futhi i-voltage ikhiqizwa phambi kokukhanya.
Ingaphakathi lemojula ye-photovoltaic iyidivayisi ye-semiconductor, futhi i-voltage eqondile / engalungile phansi ayilona inani elizinzile.Ukulinganisa okuqondile kuzobonisa i-voltage entantayo futhi ibole ngokushesha ibe ngu-0, engenalo inani elisebenzayo lereferensi.Kunconywa ukukala i-voltage yesifunda evulekile phakathi kwamatheminali amahle kanye nama-negative we-module ngaphansi kwezimo zokukhanyisa zangaphandle.
Amandla amanje kanye ne-voltage yezitshalo zamandla elanga ahlobene nezinga lokushisa, ukukhanya, njll. Njengoba izinga lokushisa nokukhanya kushintsha njalo, i-voltage kanye ne-current izoshintshashintsha (izinga lokushisa eliphezulu kanye ne-voltage ephansi, izinga lokushisa eliphezulu kanye namandla aphezulu; ukukhanya okuhle, amandla aphezulu kanye namandla i-voltage);umsebenzi wezingxenye Izinga lokushisa lingu-40°C-85°C, ngakho-ke ukuguquka kwezinga lokushisa ngeke kuthinte ukukhiqizwa kwamandla kwesiteshi sikagesi.
I-voltage yesifunda evulekile yemojuli ikalwa ngaphansi kwesimo se-STC (1000W/㎡irradiance, 25°C).Ngenxa yezimo zokushiswa kwemisebe, izimo zokushisa, nokunemba kwethuluzi lokuhlola ngesikhathi sokuzihlola, i-voltage yesifunda evulekile kanye ne-nameplate voltage izobangelwa.Kukhona ukuchezuka uma kuqhathaniswa;(2) I-coefficient yokushisa yesekethe evamile evulekile icishe ibe -0.3(-)-0.35%/℃, ngakho ukuchezuka kokuhlola kuhlobene nomehluko phakathi kwezinga lokushisa no-25℃ ngesikhathi sokuhlolwa, kanye ne-voltage yesekethe evulekile. okubangelwa irradiance Umehluko ngeke udlule u-10%.Ngakho-ke, ngokujwayelekile, ukuchezuka phakathi kwevolthemu yesekethe evuliwe yokuthola okutholakala endaweni kanye nohlu lwangempela lwe-nameplate kufanele kubalwe ngokuya ngendawo yangempela yokulinganisa, kodwa ngokuvamile angeke idlule u-15%.
Hlela izingxenye ngokwezinga elilinganiselwe, futhi umake futhi uzihlukanise ezingxenyeni.
Ngokuvamile, i-inverter ehambisana nengxenye yamandla ilungiswa ngokuvumelana nezidingo zohlelo.Amandla we-inverter ekhethiwe kufanele afane namandla aphezulu we-photovoltaic cell array.Ngokuvamile, amandla okukhiphayo alinganiselwe we-photovoltaic inverter akhethiwe ukuze afane namandla okufakwayo okuphelele, ukuze kongiwe izindleko.
Ngomklamo wesistimu ye-photovoltaic, isinyathelo sokuqala, nesinyathelo esibucayi kakhulu, ukuhlaziya imithombo yamandla elanga kanye nedatha ehlobene yesimo sezulu endaweni lapho iphrojekthi ifakwe futhi isetshenziswa khona.Idatha yesimo sezulu, efana nemisebe yelanga yendawo, imvula, nesivinini somoya, iyidatha ebalulekile yokuklama isistimu.Okwamanje, idatha yesimo sezulu yanoma iyiphi indawo emhlabeni ingabuzwa mahhala kusizindalwazi sesimo sezulu seNASA sikaNational Aeronautics and Space Administration.
Isimiso samamojula
1. Ihlobo yisikhathi lapho ukusetshenziswa kukagesi wasendlini kuba kukhulu uma kuqhathaniswa.Ukufaka izitshalo zamandla e-photovoltaic zasendlini kungonga izindleko zikagesi.
2. Ukufaka izitshalo zamandla e-photovoltaic ukuze zisetshenziswe endlini kungajabulela uxhaso lukahulumeni, futhi kungadayisela ugesi oweqile kugridi, ukuze kutholwe izinzuzo zokukhanya kwelanga, ezingafeza izinhloso eziningi.
3. Isiteshi samandla se-photovoltaic esibekwe ophahleni sinomphumela othile wokushisa ukushisa, onganciphisa izinga lokushisa langaphakathi ngama-3-5 degrees.Nakuba izinga lokushisa lesakhiwo lilawulwa, linganciphisa kakhulu ukusetshenziswa kwamandla kwe-air conditioner.
4. Isici esiyinhloko esithinta ukukhiqizwa kwamandla e-photovoltaic ukukhanya kwelanga.Ehlobo, izinsuku ziba zinde kanye nobusuku bufushane, futhi amahora okusebenza esiteshi sikagesi amade kunokuvamile, ngakho ukukhiqizwa kwamandla kuzokwenyuka ngokwemvelo.
Uma nje kunokukhanya, amamojula azokhiqiza i-voltage, futhi isithombe samanje esikhiqizwa isithombe silingana nokuqina kokukhanya.Izingxenye zizosebenza ngaphansi kwezimo zokukhanya okuphansi, kodwa amandla okukhiphayo azoba mancane.Ngenxa yokukhanya okubuthakathaka ebusuku, amandla akhiqizwa amamojula awanele ukushayela i-inverter ukuze isebenze, ngakho-ke amamojula ngokuvamile awakhiqizi ugesi.Kodwa-ke, ngaphansi kwezimo ezimbi kakhulu ezifana nokukhanya kwenyanga okuqinile, uhlelo lwe-photovoltaic lungase lube namandla aphansi kakhulu.
Amamojula we-Photovoltaic ikakhulukazi akhiwa amaseli, ifilimu, i-backplane, ingilazi, uhlaka, ibhokisi lokuhlangana, iribhoni, ijeli yesilika nezinye izinto.Ishidi lebhethri liyisisetshenziswa esibalulekile sokukhiqiza amandla;ezinye izinto ezisele zinikeza ukuvikelwa kokupakisha, ukusekela, ukubopha, ukumelana nesimo sezulu kanye neminye imisebenzi.
Umehluko phakathi kwamamojula we-monocrystalline namamojula we-polycrystalline ukuthi amaseli ahlukile.Amaseli e-Monocrystalline namaseli e-polycrystalline anesimiso sokusebenza esifanayo kodwa izinqubo zokukhiqiza ezihlukene.Ukubukeka nakho kuhlukile.Ibhethri le-monocrystalline line-arc chamfering, futhi ibhethri ye-polycrystalline ingunxande ophelele.
Uhlangothi lwangaphambili kuphela lwemojula ye-monofacial lungakhiqiza ugesi, futhi izinhlangothi zombili zemodyuli ye-bifacial zingakhiqiza ugesi.
Kukhona ungqimba lwefilimu yokumboza ebusweni beshidi lebhethri, futhi ukuguquguquka kwenqubo enqubweni yokucubungula kuholela ekuhlukeni kogqinsi lwesendlalelo sefilimu, okwenza ukubukeka kweshidi lebhethri kuhluke kusuka kokuluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka kuye kokumnyama.Amaseli ahlungwa phakathi nenqubo yokukhiqiza imojuli ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuthi umbala wamaseli ngaphakathi kwemojuli efanayo uyavumelana, kodwa kuzoba khona umehluko wemibala phakathi kwamamojula ahlukene.Umehluko wombala umehluko kuphela ekubukeni kwezingxenye, futhi awunawo umthelela ekusebenzeni kokukhiqizwa kwamandla kwezingxenye.
Ugesi okhiqizwe amamojula we-photovoltaic ungowamanje oqondile, futhi insimu ye-electromagnetic ezungezile izinzile, futhi ayikhiphi amagagasi kagesi, ngakho ngeke ikhiqize imisebe ye-electromagnetic.
Amamojula Okusebenza Nokugcina
Amamojula we-photovoltaic ophahleni adinga ukuhlanzwa njalo.
1. Hlola njalo ukuhlanzeka kwendawo engaphansi kwengxenye (kanye ngenyanga), futhi uyihlanze njalo ngamanzi ahlanzekile.Lapho uhlanza, qaphela ukuhlanzeka kwendawo yengxenye, ukuze ugweme indawo eshisayo yengxenye ebangelwa ukungcola okusele;
2. Ukuze ugweme ukulimala kukagesi emzimbeni kanye nokulimala okungenzeka ezingxenyeni lapho usula izingxenye ngaphansi kokushisa okuphezulu nokukhanya okunamandla, isikhathi sokuhlanza sisekuseni nakusihlwa ngaphandle kokukhanya kwelanga;
3. Zama ukuqinisekisa ukuthi alukho ukhula, izihlahla, kanye nezakhiwo eziphakeme kunemojuli empumalanga, eningizimu-mpumalanga, eningizimu, eningizimu-ntshonalanga, nasentshonalanga yemojuli.Ukhula nezihlahla eziphakeme kune-module kufanele zisikwe ngesikhathi ukuze kugwenywe ukuvinjwa nokuthinta imojuli.ukukhiqiza amandla.
Ngemva kokulimala kwengxenye, ukusebenza kokufakwa kukagesi kuyancishiswa, futhi kunengozi yokuvuza nokushaqeka kukagesi.Kunconywa ukuthi esikhundleni sengxenye entsha ngokushesha ngangokunokwenzeka ngemva kokunqanyulwa kwamandla.
Ukukhiqizwa kwamandla kwemojula ye-Photovoltaic kuhlobene ngempela nezimo zezulu ezifana nezinkathi ezine zonyaka, imini nobusuku, futhi liguqubele noma libalele.Esimeni sezulu semvula, nakuba kungekho ukukhanya kwelanga okuqondile, ukukhiqizwa kwamandla kwezitshalo zamandla e-photovoltaic kuzoba kancane, kodwa akuyeki ukukhiqiza amandla.Amamojula we-Photovoltaic asagcina ukusebenza kahle okuphezulu kokuguqulwa ngaphansi kokukhanya okuhlakazekile noma ngisho nezimo zokukhanya ezibuthakathaka.
Izici zesimo sezulu azikwazi ukulawulwa, kodwa ukwenza umsebenzi omuhle wokugcina amamojula we-photovoltaic ekuphileni kwansuku zonke kungandisa nokukhiqiza amandla.Ngemva kokuba izingxenye zifakwe futhi ziqale ukukhiqiza ugesi ngokujwayelekile, ukuhlolwa okuvamile kungagcina kuhambisana nokusebenza kwesiteshi samandla, futhi ukuhlanza okuvamile kungasusa uthuli nokunye ukungcola ebusweni bezingxenye futhi kuthuthukise ukusebenza kahle kokukhiqizwa kwamandla kwezingxenye.
1. Gcina umoya, uhlole njalo ukuchithwa kokushisa eduze kwe-inverter ukuze ubone ukuthi umoya ungajikeleza ngokujwayelekile, uhlanze njalo izihlangu ezingxenyeni, uhlole njalo ukuthi amabakaki nezinsimbi zezingxenye zikhululekile yini, futhi uhlole ukuthi izintambo ziveziwe yini Isimo. njalo njalo.
2. Qiniseka ukuthi alukho ukhula, amaqabunga awile nezinyoni eduze kwesiteshi sikagesi.Khumbula ukuthi ungomisi izitshalo, izingubo, njll kumamojula we-photovoltaic.Lezi zindawo zokukhosela ngeke zithinte kuphela ukukhiqizwa kwamandla, kodwa futhi zibangele umphumela oshisayo wamamojula, okudala izingozi zokuphepha ezingaba khona.
3. Akuvunyelwe ukufafaza amanzi ezingxenyeni ukuze uphole ngesikhathi sokushisa okuphezulu.Nakuba lolu hlobo lwendlela yenhlabathi lungaba nomthelela wokupholisa, uma isiteshi sakho samandla kagesi singavinjelwa kahle amanzi ngesikhathi sokuklanywa nokufakwa, kungase kube nengozi yokushaqeka kukagesi.Ukwengeza, ukusebenza kwamanzi okufafaza ukuze aphole kulingana "nemvula yelanga yokwenziwa", okuzophinde kunciphise ukuphehlwa kwamandla kwesiteshi sikagesi.
Irobhothi yokuhlanza nokuhlanza ngesandla ingasetshenziswa ngezindlela ezimbili, ezikhethwa ngokuya nezici zomnotho wesiteshi samandla kanye nobunzima bokuqalisa;ukunakwa kufanele kukhokhelwe inqubo yokususa uthuli: 1. Ngesikhathi sokuhlanza izingxenye, kuvinjelwe ukuma noma ukuhamba ezingxenyeni ukuze ugweme amandla wendawo ezingxenyeni ze-Extrusion;2. Imvamisa yokuhlanza imojula incike esivinini sokuqoqwa kothuli kanye nobulongwe bezinyoni ebusweni bemojuli.Isiteshi sikagesi esinesivikelo esincane ngokuvamile sihlanzwa kabili ngonyaka.Uma isivikelo sibucayi, singanyuswa ngokufanelekile ngokuya ngezibalo zezomnotho.3. Zama ukukhetha usuku lwasekuseni, kusihlwa noma oluguqubele lapho ukukhanya kubuthakathaka (i-irradiance ingaphansi kuka-200W/㎡) yokuhlanza;4. Uma ingilazi, indiza yangemuva noma ikhebula lemojuli yonakele, kufanele ishintshwe ngesikhathi ngaphambi kokuhlanza ukuvimbela ukushaqeka kukagesi.
1. Ukuklwebheka ku-backplane yemojuli kuzobangela ukuthi umhwamuko ungene kumojuli futhi unciphise ukusebenza kokufakwa kwemojuli, okubeka engcupheni enkulu yokuphepha;
2. Ukusebenza nokugcinwa kwansuku zonke kubhekisisa ukunensa kokuklwebheka kwendiza engemuva, uthole futhi ubhekane nakho kusenesikhathi;
3. Ezingxenyeni eziklwetshiwe, uma imihuzuko ingajulile futhi ingagqoki ebusweni, ungasebenzisa itheyiphu yokulungisa i-backplane ekhishwe emakethe ukuyilungisa.Uma imihuzuko ibucayi, kunconywa ukuthi uyishintshe ngokuqondile.
1. Enkambweni yokuhlanza imojula, akuvunyelwe ukuma noma ukuhamba kumamojula ukugwema ukukhishwa kwendawo kwamamojula;
2. Imvamisa yokuhlanza imojula incike kwijubane lokuqongelela lezinto ezivimbayo njengothuli nobulongwe bezinyoni ebusweni bemojuli.Iziteshi zikagesi ezinokuvinjwa okuncane ngokuvamile zihlanzekile kabili ngonyaka.Uma ukuvinjwa kubi kakhulu, kunganyuswa ngokufanelekile ngokuya ngezibalo zezomnotho.
3. Zama ukukhetha izinsuku zasekuseni, kusihlwa noma ezinamafu lapho ukukhanya kubuthakathaka (i-irradiance ingaphansi kuka-200W/㎡) yokuhlanza;
4. Uma ingilazi, i-backplane noma ikhebula lemojuli yonakele, kufanele ishintshwe ngesikhathi ngaphambi kokuhlanza ukuvimbela ukushaqeka kukagesi.
Ukucindezela kwamanzi okuhlanza kunconywa ukuba kube ≤3000pa ngaphambili futhi ≤1500pa ngemuva kwemodyuli (ingemuva lemodyuli enezinhlangothi ezimbili idinga ukuhlanzwa ukuze kukhishwe amandla, futhi ingemuva lemojuli evamile ayinconywa) .~8 phakathi.
Ngokungcola okungenakususwa ngamanzi ahlanzekile, ungakhetha ukusebenzisa izihlanzi zezingilazi zezimboni, utshwala, i-methanol nezinye izincibilikisi ngokohlobo lokungcola.Kwenqatshelwe ngokuphelele ukusebenzisa ezinye izinto zamakhemikhali njengempushana eqhumayo, i-ejenti yokuhlanza i-abrasive, i-ejenti yokuhlanza izingubo, umshini wokupholisha, i-sodium hydroxide, i-benzene, i-nitro thinner, i-asidi eqinile noma i-alkali enamandla.
Ukusikisela: (1) Hlola njalo ukuhlanzeka kwendawo yemojuli (kanye ngenyanga), futhi uyihlanze njalo ngamanzi ahlanzekile.Lapho uhlanza, qaphela ukuhlanzeka kwendawo ye-module ukuze ugweme izindawo ezishisayo kumodule obangelwa ukungcola okusele.Isikhathi sokuhlanza sisekuseni nakusihlwa lapho kungenakukhanya kwelanga;(2) Zama ukuqinisekisa ukuthi alukho ukhula, izihlahla kanye nezakhiwo eziphakeme kune-module empumalanga, eningizimu-mpumalanga, eningizimu, eningizimu-ntshonalanga nasentshonalanga ye-module, futhi ninqume ukhula nezihlahla ngaphezu kwe-module ngesikhathi ukuze ugweme ukuvaleka. Kuthinta ukukhiqizwa kwamandla kwezingxenye.
Ukwanda kokukhiqizwa kwamandla kwamamojula we-bifacial uma kuqhathaniswa namamojula avamile kuncike ezintweni ezilandelayo: (1) ukukhanya komhlabathi (okumhlophe, okukhanyayo);(2) ukuphakama nokuthambekela kokusekela;(3) ukukhanya okuqondile nokuhlakazeka kwendawo lapho itholakala khona Isilinganiso sokukhanya (isibhakabhaka siluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka noma simpunga kakhulu);ngakho-ke, kufanele ihlolwe ngokwesimo sangempela sesiteshi sikagesi.
Uma kukhona ukuvala ngaphezu kwemojula, kungase kungabi khona izindawo ezishisayo, kuncike esimweni sangempela sokuvala.Kuzoba nomthelela ekuphehlisweni kukagesi, kodwa umthelela kunzima ukuwubala futhi kudinga ochwepheshe abaqeqeshiwe ukubala.
Izixazululo
Isiteshi sikagesi
I-voltage yamanje kanye ne-voltage yezitshalo zamandla we-PV ithintwa izinga lokushisa, ukukhanya nezinye izimo.Kukhona njalo ukushintshashintsha kwamandla kagesi kanye namanje njengoba ukushintshashintsha kwezinga lokushisa nokukhanya kuhlala njalo: izinga lokushisa liphezulu, i-voltage iyancipha futhi i-curse iphezulu, futhi ukuphakama kokukhanya, ukuphakama kwe-voltage kanye namandla. kukhona.Amamojula angasebenza kulo lonke ibanga lokushisa elingu -40°C--85°C ukuze isivuno samandla sesikhungo samandla se-PV siphawule ukuthi siyathinteka.
Amamojula abonakala eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka ewonke ngenxa yefilimu ephikisayo ebonisa ukukhanya endaweni yamaseli.Kodwa-ke, kunomehluko othile embala wamamojula ngenxa yomehluko othile ekushubeni kwamafilimu anjalo.Sineqoqo lemibala eyahlukene evamile, okuhlanganisa okuluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka okungashoni, okuluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, okuluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka okumaphakathi, okuluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka okumnyama kanye noluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka okujulile kumamojula.Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukusebenza kahle kokukhiqizwa kwamandla e-PV kuhlotshaniswa namandla amamojula, futhi akuthintwa yimuphi umehluko wombala.
Ukugcina isivuno samandla esitshalo sithuthukisiwe, hlola ukuhlanzeka kwezindawo zemojuli njalo ngenyanga futhi uzigeze njalo ngamanzi ahlanzekile.Ukunakwa kufanele kukhokhwe ekuhlanzeni ngokugcwele izindawo zamamojula ukuvimbela ukwakheka kwama-hotspots kumamojula abangelwa ukungcola okusele kanye nokungcola, futhi umsebenzi wokuhlanza kufanele wenziwe ekuseni noma ebusuku.Futhi, ungavumeli noma yiziphi izimila, izihlahla nezakhiwo ezinde kunamamojula ohlangothini olungasempumalanga, eningizimu-mpumalanga, eningizimu, eningizimu-ntshonalanga nangasentshonalanga yamalungu afanayo.Ukuthenwa ngesikhathi kwanoma yiziphi izihlahla nezimila ezinde kunamamojula kunconywa ukuvimbela ukufiphaza kanye nomthelela ongase ube khona ekuvuthweni kwamandla wamamojula (ukuthola imininingwane, bheka incwadi yokuhlanza.
Isivuno samandla esizinda samandla se-PV sincike ezintweni eziningi, okuhlanganisa izimo zezulu zesayithi nazo zonke izingxenye ezihlukahlukene ohlelweni.Ngaphansi kwezimo ezijwayelekile zesevisi, isivuno samandla sincike ikakhulukazi emisebeni yelanga nezimo zokufakwa, ezingaphansi komehluko omkhulu phakathi kwezifunda nezinkathi zonyaka.Ngaphezu kwalokho, sincoma ukuthi unake kakhulu ekubaleni isivuno saminyaka yonke samandla wesistimu kunokugxila kudatha yesivuno sansuku zonke.
Le ndawo ebizwa ngokuthi intaba eyinkimbinkimbi inemihosha enyakazayo, uguquko oluningi oluya emithambekeni, kanye nezimo eziyinkimbinkimbi zokuma komhlaba nezamanzi.Ekuqaleni komklamo, ithimba lokuklama kufanele licabange ngokugcwele noma yiziphi izinguquko ezingaba khona ku-topography.Uma kungenjalo, amamojula angasitheka ekukhanyeni kwelanga okuqondile, okuholela ezinkingeni ezingaba khona phakathi nokuhlelwa nokwakhiwa.
Ukukhiqizwa kwamandla e-Mountain PV kunezidingo ezithile zendawo nokuma kwayo.Ngokuvamile, kungcono ukukhetha isakhiwo esiyisicaba esinomthambeko oseningizimu (lapho umthambeko ungaphansi kwama-degree angu-35).Uma umhlaba unomthambeka omkhulu kunama-degree angu-35 eningizimu, okufaka ukwakhiwa okunzima kodwa isivuno esikhulu samandla kanye nezikhala ezincane zohlu nendawo, kungaba kuhle ukuphinde kubhekwe ukukhethwa kwendawo .Izibonelo zesibili yilezo zindawo ezinomthambeka oseningizimu-mpumalanga, i-slope eseningizimu-ntshonalanga, i-east slope, kanye ne-west slope (lapho i-slope ingaphansi kwama-degree angu-20).Lo mumo unezikhala zohlu olukhulu kancane kanye nendawo enkulu yezwe, futhi ingacatshangelwa inqobo nje uma umthambeka ungewona umqansa kakhulu.Izibonelo zokugcina amasayithi anethambeka elisenyakatho elinethunzi.Lokhu kuqondiswa kuthola i-insolation elinganiselwe, isivuno samandla amancane kanye nokuhlukaniswa kwezikhala ezinkulu.Iziza ezinjalo kufanele zisetshenziswe kancane ngangokunokwenzeka.Uma lezi zindawo kufanele zisetshenziswe, kungcono ukhethe izindawo ezinomthambeko ongaphansi kwama-degree angu-10.
Izintaba zinemithambeka enamamo ahlukene kanye nokuhluka okuphawulekayo kwemithambeka, ngisho nemihosha ejulile noma amagquma kwezinye izindawo.Ngakho-ke, isistimu yokusekela kufanele yakhelwe ngendlela evumelana nezimo ukuze kuthuthukiswe ukujwayelana nesimo sezwe esiyinkimbinkimbi: o Shintsha amarakhi amade abe amarakhi amafushane.o Sebenzisa isakhiwo sokubeka esivumelana kangcono nesimo sezwe: ukwesekwa kwenqwaba yomugqa owodwa onomehluko olungisekayo wobude bekholomu, usekelo olungaguquki lwenqwaba, noma usekelo lokulandelela olune-engeli yokuphakama eguquguqukayo.o Sebenzisa ukwesekwa kwekhebula eligcizelelwe isikhathi eside, okungasiza ukunqoba ukungalingani phakathi kwamakholomu.
Sinikeza umklamo oningiliziwe nokuhlolwa kwesayithi ezigabeni zokuqala zokuthuthukiswa ukuze kuncishiswe inani lomhlaba osetshenzisiwe.
Izitshalo zamandla ze-PV ezilungele i-Eco-friendly zivumelana nemvelo, ziyasebenziseka kalula futhi ziyawathanda amakhasimende.Uma kuqhathaniswa nezitshalo zamandla ezivamile, ziphakeme kwezomnotho, ukusebenza, ezobuchwepheshe kanye nekhabhoni.
Indawo yokuhlala iyasatshalaliswa
Ukuzikhiqizela ngokuzenzekelayo kanye negridi yamandla engeziwe azisebenzise ngokwakho kusho ukuthi amandla akhiqizwa isistimu yokuphehla amandla e-photovoltaic esabalalisiwe asetshenziswa ikakhulukazi abasebenzisi bamandla ngokwabo, futhi amandla engeziwe axhunywe kugridi.Kuyimodeli yebhizinisi yokukhiqiza amandla e-photovoltaic asatshalaliswa.Kule modi yokusebenza, indawo yokuxhuma igridi ye-photovoltaic isethwe kokuthi Ehlangothini lomthwalo wemitha yomsebenzisi, kuyadingeka ukwengeza imitha yemitha yokudluliswa kwamandla e-photovoltaic reverse noma ukusetha imitha yokusetshenziswa kwamandla wegridi kumitha yezindlela ezimbili.Amandla we-photovoltaic adliwe ngokuqondile ngumsebenzisi ngokwakhe angajabulela ngokuqondile intengo yokuthengisa yegridi yamandla ngendlela yokonga ugesi.Ugesi ukalwa ngokuhlukana bese uxazululwa ngenani elinqunyiwe likagesi wegridi.
Isiteshi samandla esisabalalisiwe se-photovoltaic sisho isistimu yokuphehla amandla esebenzisa izinsiza ezisabalalisiwe, enomthamo omncane ofakiwe, futhi ehlelwe eduze nomsebenzisi.Ngokuvamile ixhunywe kugridi yamandla enezinga likagesi elingaphansi kuka-35 kV noma ngaphansi.Isebenzisa amamojula we-photovoltaic ukuguqula ngokuqondile amandla elanga.amandla kagesi.Iwuhlobo olusha lokuphehlwa kukagesi kanye nokusetshenziswa okuphelele kwamandla okunamathemba okuthuthuka okubanzi.Ikhuthaza izimiso zokuphehlwa kukagesi okuseduze, ukuxhumeka kwegridi eseduze, ukuguqulwa okuseduze, nokusetshenziswa okuseduze.Akukwazi nje ukwandisa ngokuphumelelayo ukukhiqizwa kwamandla kwezitshalo zamandla e-photovoltaic esikalini esifanayo, kodwa futhi ngokuphumelelayo Ixazulula inkinga yokulahlekelwa amandla ngesikhathi sokuthuthukisa kanye nokuhamba okude.
I-voltage exhunywe kugridi yesistimu ye-photovoltaic esabalalisiwe inqunywa ngokuyinhloko umthamo ofakiwe wesistimu.I-voltage ethize exhunywe kwigridi idinga ukunqunywa ngokuvumelana nokugunyazwa kohlelo lokufinyelela lwenkampani yegridi.Ngokuvamile, imindeni isebenzisa i-AC220V ukuze ixhume kugridi, futhi abasebenzisi bezentengiselwano bangakhetha i-AC380V noma i-10kV ukuze baxhume kugridi.
Ukushisisa nokugcina ukushisa kwezindlu ezibamba ukushisa bekulokhu kuyinkinga eyinhloko ehlupha abalimi.Ama-greenhouses ezolimo e-Photovoltaic kulindeleke ukuthi axazulule le nkinga.Ngenxa yokushisa okuphezulu ehlobo, izinhlobo eziningi zemifino azikwazi ukukhula ngokujwayelekile kusukela ngoJuni kuya kuSeptemba, futhi izindawo zokugcina izithombo zezolimo ze-photovoltaic zifana nokwengeza i-spectrometer ifakiwe, engakwazi ukuhlukanisa imisebe ye-infrared futhi ivimbele ukushisa okukhulu ukungena ku-greenhouse.Ebusika nasebusuku, kungaphinde kuvimbele ukukhanya kwe-infrared ku-greenhouse ukuthi kuphume ngaphandle, okunomthelela wokulondoloza ukushisa.Ama-greenhouses ezolimo e-Photovoltaic anganikeza amandla adingekayo okukhanyisa ezindaweni zokugcina izithombo zezolimo, futhi amandla asele nawo angaxhunywa kugridi.Ku-greenhouse ye-photovoltaic ye-off-grid, ingasetshenziswa nesistimu ye-LED ukuvimbela ukukhanya emini ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukukhula kwezitshalo nokukhiqiza ugesi ngesikhathi esifanayo.Uhlelo lwe-LED ebusuku lunikeza ukukhanya kusetshenziswa amandla osuku.Ama-photovoltaic arrays angabuye afakwe emachibini ezinhlanzi, amachibi angaqhubeka nokukhulisa izinhlanzi, futhi ama-photovoltaic arrays anganikeza indawo yokuhlala enhle yokulima izinhlanzi, okuxazulula kangcono ukungqubuzana phakathi kokuthuthukiswa kwamandla amasha kanye nenani elikhulu lokuhlala komhlaba.Ngakho-ke, izindlu zokugcina izithombo zezolimo namachibi ezinhlanzi Isistimu yokukhiqiza amandla e-photovoltaic esakazwayo ingafakwa.
Izakhiwo zefekthri emkhakheni wezimboni: ikakhulukazi emafektri asebenzisa ugesi omkhulu kakhulu kanye nezindleko zikagesi zokuthenga nge-inthanethi ezibiza kakhulu, ngokuvamile izakhiwo zefekthri zinendawo enkulu yophahla nophahla oluvulekile noluyisicaba, olufanele ukufaka ama-photovoltaic arrays futhi ngenxa yobukhulu obukhulu. amandla okulayisha, amasistimu axhumeke kugridi asakaziwe ye-photovoltaic angadliwa endaweni ukuze kuncishiswe ingxenye yamandla okuthenga ku-inthanethi, ngaleyo ndlela konge izikweletu zikagesi zabasebenzisi.
Izakhiwo zezentengiselwano: Umphumela ufana nowamapaki ezimboni, umehluko wukuthi izakhiwo zezentengiselwano ikakhulukazi ezinophahla lukasimende, okulungele kakhulu ukufaka ama-photovoltaic arrays, kodwa ngokuvamile anezidingo zobuhle bezakhiwo.Ngokusho kwezakhiwo zezentengiselwano, izakhiwo zamahhovisi, amahhotela, izikhungo zezingqungquthela, izindawo zokungcebeleka, njll. Ngenxa yezici zemboni yesevisi, izici zomthwalo wabasebenzisi ngokuvamile ziba phezulu emini futhi ziphansi ebusuku, ezingafanisa kangcono izici zokukhiqiza amandla e-photovoltaic. .
Izinsiza zezolimo: Kunenqwaba yophahla olutholakala ezindaweni zasemakhaya, okuhlanganisa izindlu ezizimele, amashedi emifino, amachibi okudoba izinhlanzi, njll. Izindawo zasemaphandleni ngokuvamile ziba sekupheleni kwegridi kagesi yomphakathi, futhi izinga lamandla liphansi.Ukwakha amasistimu e-photovoltaic asabalalisiwe ezindaweni zasemakhaya kungathuthukisa ukuvikeleka kukagesi kanye nekhwalithi yamandla.
Umasipala nezinye izakhiwo zomphakathi: Ngenxa yamazinga okuphatha abumbene, umthwalo wabasebenzisi abanokwethenjelwa ngokuqhathaniswa nokuziphatha kwebhizinisi, kanye nomdlandla omkhulu wokufakwa, izakhiwo zikamasipala nezinye izakhiwo zomphakathi nazo zifanelekile ukwakhiwa okumaphakathi nokuhlangene kwama-photovoltaics asabalalisiwe.
Izindawo eziqhelile zezolimo nezakwalusa neziqhingi: Ngenxa yebanga elisuka kugridi kagesi, kusenezigidi zabantu abangenawo ugesi ezindaweni eziqhelile zezolimo nezamafuyo, kanye naseziqhingini ezisogwini.Amasistimu we-photovoltaic angaphandle kwegridi noma Ngokuhambisana neminye imithombo yamandla, isistimu yokuphehla amandla egridi encane ifaneleka kakhulu ukusetshenziswa kulezi zindawo.
Okokuqala, ingathuthukiswa ezakhiweni ezihlukahlukene nasezikhungweni zomphakathi ezweni lonke ukwakha uhlelo lokuphehla amandla kagesi we-photovoltaic esatshalaliswa, futhi isebenzise izakhiwo ezihlukahlukene zendawo kanye nezindawo zomphakathi ukusungula uhlelo lokuphehla ugesi olusabalalisiwe ukuhlangabezana nengxenye yesidingo sikagesi sabasebenzisi bamandla. kanye nokuhlinzeka Amabhizinisi asebenzisa kakhulu amandla angahlinzeka ngogesi wokukhiqiza;
Okwesibili ukuthi ingathuthukiswa ezindaweni ezikude njengaseziqhingini nakwezinye izindawo ezinogesi omncane futhi ezingenawo ugesi ukuze zenze izinhlelo zokuphehla ugesi ngaphandle kwegridi noma ama-micro-grid.Ngenxa yegebe emazingeni okuthuthukiswa komnotho, kusenabantu abathile ezindaweni ezikude ezweni lami abangakayixazululi inkinga eyisisekelo yokusebenzisa ugesi.Amaphrojekthi egridi kakhulukazi ancike ekwalulweni kwamagridi amakhulu kagesi, ugesi omncane ophehlwa ngamanzi, ugesi omncane oshisayo nezinye izinsiza zikagesi.Kunzima kakhulu ukunweba igridi yamandla, futhi irediyasi yokuphakela amandla yinde kakhulu, okuholela kwikhwalithi ephansi yokunikezwa kwamandla.Ukuthuthukiswa kokuphehlwa kukagesi ngaphandle kwegridi akukwazi nje kuphela ukuxazulula inkinga yokushoda kukagesi Izakhamizi ezisezindaweni ezingenamandla kagesi amancane zinezinkinga eziyisisekelo zokusebenzisa ugesi, futhi zingasebenzisa amandla avuselelekayo endawo ngendlela ehlanzekile nangempumelelo, ukuxazulula ngempumelelo ukungqubuzana phakathi kwamandla namandla. imvelo.
Ukukhiqizwa kwamandla kagesi we-photovoltaic okusatshalaliswa kuhlanganisa amafomu okufaka isicelo afana negridi exhunywe kugridi, ngaphandle kwegridi kanye namagridi amancane ahambisanayo anamandla amaningi.Ukukhiqiza amandla asabalalisiwe axhumeke kugridi kusetshenziswa kakhulu eduze nabasebenzisi.Thenga ugesi kugridi lapho ukuphehlwa kukagesi noma ugesi unganele, futhi uthengise ugesi ku-inthanethi uma kunogesi oweqile.I-off-grid distributed photovoltaic power generation isetshenziswa kakhulu ezindaweni ezikude naseziqhingini.Ayixhunyiwe kugridi yamandla amakhulu, futhi isebenzisa isistimu yayo yokuphehla amandla kanye nesistimu yokugcina amandla ukuze inikeze amandla omthwalo ngokuqondile.Isistimu ye-photovoltaic esabalalisiwe ingase futhi yakhe isistimu kagesi encane ehambisanayo yamandla amaningi nezinye izindlela zokuphehla ugesi, njengamanzi, umoya, ukukhanya, njll., engasebenza ngokuzimela njengegridi encane noma ihlanganiswe kugridi yenethiwekhi. ukusebenza.
Njengamanje, kunezixazululo eziningi zezezimali ezingahlangabezana nezidingo zabasebenzisi abahlukene.Kudingeka inani elincane kuphela lokutshalwa kwezimali kokuqala, futhi imali mboleko ibuyiselwa ngemali engenayo evela ekukhiqizeni amandla njalo ngonyaka, ukuze bakwazi ukujabulela ukuphila okuluhlaza okulethwa ama-photovoltaics.
